Glossary
Slovar
The words, in plain language
Besede, po domače
No jargon left undefined. Every key term used across the articles, explained simply — in the order a newcomer meets them.
Noben žargon ni nepojasnjen. Vsak ključni pojem iz člankov, razložen preprosto — po vrsti, kot ga sreča novinec.
- Medium of exchange
- Menjalno sredstvo
- The thing you trade through rather than the thing you ultimately want. You accept money for your work and hand it to a shop, so no one needs to want exactly what you have.
- Stvar, prek katere trguješ, ne stvar, ki jo na koncu želiš. Denar sprejmeš za svoje delo in ga izročiš trgovini, zato nikomur ni treba želeti točno tega, kar imaš.
- Store of value
- Hramba vrednosti
- Money's ability to carry buying power across time. Earn today, spend next year, and expect roughly the same value to be waiting.
- Sposobnost denarja, da prenaša kupno moč skozi čas. Zasluži danes, porabi prihodnje leto in pričakuj, da te čaka približno enaka vrednost.
- Unit of account
- Računska enota
- The common ruler we measure worth with. Prices, wages, and debts are all quoted in the same units so they can be compared.
- Skupno merilo, s katerim merimo vrednost. Cene, plače in dolgovi so izraženi v istih enotah, da jih je mogoče primerjati.
- Coincidence of wants
- Sovpadanje potreb
- The unlikely situation barter requires: two people who each have exactly what the other wants, in the right amounts, at the same time. Money exists to remove this obstacle.
- Malo verjeten položaj, ki ga zahteva menjava blago-za-blago: dve osebi, od katerih ima vsaka točno to, kar želi druga, v pravih količinah, ob istem času. Denar obstaja, da odpravi to oviro.
- Commodity money
- Blagovni denar
- Money that is itself a useful or desirable good — salt, cattle, metal — rather than a token or claim issued by an authority.
- Denar, ki je sam po sebi uporabna ali zaželena dobrina — sol, živina, kovina — in ne žeton ali zahtevek, ki ga izda oblast.
- Gold standard
- Zlati standard
- A system in which paper currency is redeemable for a fixed amount of gold, anchoring the money supply to metal held in reserve.
- Sistem, v katerem je papirnato valuto mogoče zamenjati za določeno količino zlata, kar veže ponudbo denarja na kovino v rezervi.
- Fiat money
- Fiat denar
- Money that has value because a government declares it legal tender and people accept it, not because it is backed by a commodity. "Fiat" is Latin for "let it be done."
- Denar, ki ima vrednost, ker ga vlada razglasi za zakonito plačilno sredstvo in ga ljudje sprejemajo, ne ker bi ga krilo blago. „Fiat" je latinsko za „naj se zgodi".
- Inflation
- Inflacija
- A general rise in prices over time — the same thing as a fall in the purchasing power of each unit of money.
- Splošen dvig cen skozi čas — isto kot padec kupne moči vsake enote denarja.
- Hyperinflation
- Hiperinflacija
- Extremely rapid, out-of-control inflation, sometimes exceeding 50% per month, which can destroy a currency's value within months.
- Izjemno hitra, nenadzorovana inflacija, ki včasih presega 50 % na mesec in lahko v nekaj mesecih uniči vrednost valute.
- Deflation
- Deflacija
- A general fall in prices over time. Mild deflation rewards saving, but a deflationary spiral — where people delay spending because money keeps gaining value — can choke economic activity.
- Splošen padec cen skozi čas. Blaga deflacija nagrajuje varčevanje, a deflacijska spirala — kjer ljudje odlašajo s porabo, ker denar pridobiva vrednost — lahko zaduši gospodarsko dejavnost.
- Sound money
- Zdrav denar
- Money whose supply cannot be easily expanded, so it holds value over time and is governed by fixed rules rather than discretionary decisions.
- Denar, čigar ponudbe ni mogoče zlahka povečati, zato ohranja vrednost skozi čas in ga urejajo fiksna pravila namesto diskrecijskih odločitev.
- Lender of last resort
- Posojilodajalec v skrajni sili
- A central bank's ability to supply emergency money to halt a banking panic. A fixed-supply money cannot perform this role.
- Sposobnost centralne banke, da priskrbi nujni denar in ustavi bančno paniko. Denar s fiksno ponudbo te vloge ne more opravljati.
- Fungibility
- Zamenljivost
- The quality of one unit being interchangeable with any other. A weakness for Bitcoin, whose public ledger gives coins a traceable history.
- Lastnost, da je ena enota zamenljiva s katerokoli drugo. Slabost Bitcoina, čigar javna knjiga zapisov daje kovancem sledljivo zgodovino.
- Double-spend problem
- Težava dvojne porabe
- The risk that digital money could be copied and spent more than once. Solving it without a trusted middleman was Bitcoin's key innovation.
- Tveganje, da bi digitalni denar kopirali in porabili več kot enkrat. Rešitev brez zaupanja vrednega posrednika je bila ključna inovacija Bitcoina.
- Blockchain
- Veriga blokov
- A shared transaction ledger, grouped into "blocks" chained together in order and copied across many computers, so no single party controls it.
- Skupna knjiga transakcij, združenih v „bloke", ki so po vrsti povezani v verigo in kopirani na mnoge računalnike, tako da je nihče posamično ne nadzira.
- Mining
- Rudarjenje
- The process where computers compete to add the next block of transactions by expending energy on a hard puzzle (proof of work). The winner earns newly issued bitcoin plus fees, which both issues new supply and secures the ledger.
- Postopek, pri katerem računalniki tekmujejo, kdo bo dodal naslednji blok transakcij, tako da porabijo energijo za težko uganko (dokaz o delu). Zmagovalec zasluži novo izdani bitcoin in provizije, kar hkrati izdaja novo ponudbo in varuje knjigo zapisov.
- Proof of work
- Dokaz o delu
- The requirement that miners spend real computing effort and energy to add blocks, making it prohibitively expensive to rewrite Bitcoin's history.
- Zahteva, da rudarji za dodajanje blokov porabijo resnično računsko moč in energijo, zaradi česar je prepisovanje zgodovine Bitcoina nedopustno drago.
- Halving
- Razpolovitev
- The roughly every-four-years event that cuts the bitcoin mining reward in half, steadily reducing new supply until issuance ends near the 21-million cap.
- Dogodek približno vsaka štiri leta, ki nagrado za rudarjenje bitcoina prepolovi in tako vztrajno zmanjšuje novo ponudbo, dokler izdaja ne preneha blizu meje 21 milijonov.
- Satoshi
- Satoshi
- The smallest unit of bitcoin, one hundred-millionth of a coin, named after Bitcoin's pseudonymous creator.
- Najmanjša enota bitcoina, stomilijoninka kovanca, poimenovana po Bitcoinovem psevdonimnem ustvarjalcu.
- Private & public keys
- Zasebni in javni ključi
- A public key (or address) is what others use to send you bitcoin; a private key is the secret that authorizes spending. Controlling the private key is ownership — lose it and the funds are unrecoverable.
- Javni ključ (ali naslov) je tisto, kar drugi uporabijo, da ti pošljejo bitcoin; zasebni ključ je skrivnost, ki dovoljuje porabo. Nadzor nad zasebnim ključem je lastništvo — če ga izgubiš, so sredstva nepovratna.
- Self-custody
- Lastna hramba
- Holding your own private keys rather than letting an exchange hold them. Grants full control and full responsibility — no one can seize your bitcoin, but no one can recover it for you either.
- Hranjenje lastnih zasebnih ključev namesto, da jih hrani borza. Daje popoln nadzor in popolno odgovornost — nihče ti ne more zaseči bitcoina, a nihče ti ga tudi ne more vrniti.
- Lightning Network
- Omrežje Lightning
- A payment network built on top of Bitcoin that enables instant, very low-cost transactions by settling most activity off-chain and recording only the final results on the base blockchain.
- Plačilno omrežje, zgrajeno nad Bitcoinom, ki omogoča takojšnje in zelo poceni transakcije, tako da večino dejavnosti poravna izven verige in na osnovno verigo zapiše le končne rezultate.